{"id":32668,"date":"2024-10-02T18:02:02","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T22:02:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/?page_id=32668"},"modified":"2025-11-19T13:37:15","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T18:37:15","slug":"shunt-systems","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/shunt-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Shunt Systems"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<h2>What is a Shunt?<\/h2>\r\n<p><strong>The most common treatment for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/about-hydrocephalus\/\">hydrocephalus<\/a> is the surgical placement of a medical device called a shunt that drains the excess fluid from the brain to another part of the body.<br \/><\/strong><div class=\"su-vimeo su-u-responsive-media-\u201dyes\u201d\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/856558255?title=0&amp;byline=0&amp;portrait=0&amp;color=ffffff&amp;autoplay=0&amp;dnt=0&amp;muted=0&amp;texttrack=\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen\" allowfullscreen title=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>A shunt is a flexible tube placed into the area of the brain called the ventricles, where <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/cerebrospinal-fluid-and-hydrocephalus\/\">cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)<\/a> is accumulating. The purpose of the shunt is to remove the excess fluid which causes increased pressure within the brain.<\/p>\r\n<p>The shunt tubing, or catheter, runs underneath the skin and ends in another part of the body where the fluid can be absorbed naturally. By doing this, the pressure that is being put on the brain is relieved.<\/p>\r\n<p>Research has found that a shunt system is a successful treatment option, although you will need it for the rest of your life. You will also need to be monitored regularly throughout your lifetime, so finding a neurosurgeon you trust is vital.<\/p>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-35465 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/MyHydroBearOrangeVF-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\"><div class=\"su-box su-box-style-default\" id=\"\" style=\"border-color:#007595;border-radius:4px;max-width:none\"><div class=\"su-box-title\" style=\"background-color:#22a8c8;color:#FFFFFF;border-top-left-radius:2px;border-top-right-radius:2px\">My Hydro Bear: A Simple Way to Explain Hydrocephalus<\/div><div class=\"su-box-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"border-bottom-left-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px\">\r\n<p>My Hydro Bear has a shunt, giving families a simple, hands-on way to explain treatment, prepare for appointments, and talk about what their child is experiencing. It offers comfort, helps reduce fear, and supports clearer conversations between children, parents, siblings, and care teams.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/secure2.convio.net\/hydro\/site\/Ecommerce\/898731866?store_id=1221&amp;product_id=1601&amp;VIEW_PRODUCT=true&amp;_gl=1*p58u1d*_gcl_au*Mjk2NzI2MTA2LjE3NTc0NDQxNDM.*_ga*MjAyNzI5MTU1NS4xNzM5MjI1NzA4*_ga_5RG9SRGZ6V*czE3NjM0MTI2NTUkbzE2MSRnMSR0MTc2MzQxMzkyNCRqNjAkbDAkaDA.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Order your My Hydro Bear \u2192<\/a>\u00a0<\/div><\/div>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<h2>How is a Shunt Placed?<\/h2>\r\n<p><strong>To lower the pressure back to a normal range, a shunt is surgically placed within the brain&#8217;s ventricles.<\/strong> Typically a shunt is placed in the lateral ventricles (located in the center of the brain where the CSF fluid is produced), but can also be placed in the third or fourth ventricles.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>A small hole is drilled into the skull and a tube, called the proximal catheter, is gently guided through the brain into the ventricle.<\/strong> The tube is connected to a valve typically placed behind the ear. The tubing and valve are under the skin and hair, so typically unseen. This valve mechanism regulates pressure by controlling how much fluid is allowed out of the brain to flow through the shunt tubing.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>A second tube, called a distal catheter, is connected to the valve and continues to run under the skin,<\/strong> directing the fluid to where the fluid will be absorbed, such as the abdominal cavity, heart, or another determined area of the body.<\/p>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<h2>What Are the Most Common Shunt Systems?<\/h2>\r\n<p><strong>Below are the four types of shunt systems:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/HA_Ventricles_VAVPShunts_web_Label.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-33613\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/HA_Ventricles_VAVPShunts_web_Label-600x540.png\" alt=\"Shunt System, adults, children, VA, VP, shunt\" width=\"437\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/HA_Ventricles_VAVPShunts_web_Label-600x540.png 600w, https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/HA_Ventricles_VAVPShunts_web_Label-768x691.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/HA_Ventricles_VAVPShunts_web_Label.png 1390w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 437px) 100vw, 437px\" \/><\/a>VP (ventriculoperitoneal ) shunts<\/strong> divert fluid from the brain&#8217;s ventricles into the peritoneal cavity, the space in the abdomen where the digestive organs are located.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>VA (ventriculoatrial) shunts<\/strong> divert fluid from the brain into the heart by placing the distal catheter into a vein in the neck, then gently advancing fluid into the right atrium.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>VPL<\/strong><strong>\u00a0(ventriculopleural) shunts<\/strong> divert excess brain fluid into the pleural (chest) cavity, which is a space between the chest wall and the lungs. It is lined by a membrane along the chest wall (parietal pleura membrane) and the lung surface (visceral pleura membrane) with pleural fluid in between.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>LP (lumboperitoneal) shunts<\/strong> are a unique type of shunt as they divert fluid from an area in the spine (called the intrathecal space) rather than the brain. This fluid is then led to the cavity within the body that houses the digestive organs.<br \/><br \/><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/types-of-shunt-systems-for-hydrocephalus\/\">To learn more about the different types of shunt systems, click here.<\/a><\/p>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<h2><b>What are the Differe<\/b>nt Types of Shunt Valves?<\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Every shunt has a valve. There are currently two types of valves: fixed and adjustable (programmable).\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p>The shunt is connected to a valve that helps to regulate how much fluid leaves the brain. Most pressure control valves function on the basis of change in differential pressure (DP)-the difference between the pressure at the proximal catheter tip (in the brain) and the pressure at the distal catheter tip (in the area where the fluid is absorbed).<\/p>\r\n<p><b>Neurosurgeons select a DP valve based upon:<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li aria-level=\"\">your age,<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"\">the size of your ventricles,<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"\">the amount of pressure that needs to be relieved,<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"\">and other important clinical factors.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><b>Fixed pressure valves <\/b>regulate the pressure within the brain (called intracranial pressure or ICP) by using a one-way valve that drains to a defined intracranial pressure amount. These are implanted with a predetermined setting, meaning that they cannot be changed without additional surgery.<\/p>\r\n<p><b>Adjustable (programmable) valves <\/b>regulate the ICP based on a pressure setting, like the fixed pressure valve, but the setting can be adjusted by your doctor using an external adjustment tool. This allows your health care professional to non-invasively change the valve pressure setting during an office visit.<\/p>\r\n<p>Adjustable valves are manipulated by a strong magnetic field found in the adjustment tool and, therefore, some of these valves may be sensitive to environmental magnets.<\/p>\r\n<p><em><b>NOTE: Care must be taken to keep toys with magnets and other sources of magnetic fields away from the implanted device.<\/b> It&#8217;s important to ask your doctor what precautionary measures should be taken.<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/programmable-vs-fixed-pressure-valves\/\">To learn more about the key differences between programmable and fixed pressure valves, click here.<\/a><\/p>\r\n<h4><strong>The following table shows examples of Shunt Valves<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<p>To see the full product listing for each company, click on their logo.<\/p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 96.1546%; height: 757px;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 169px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3427%; height: 169px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aesculapusa.com\/en\/patients\/what-is-hydrocephalus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-feathr-click-track=\"true\" data-feathr-link-aids=\"[&quot;5e8f8cf0d4f6e391de55d8ee&quot;]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Aesculap-Website.png\" alt=\"Aesculap Logo\" width=\"206\" height=\"63\" \/><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 123.868%; height: 169px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/05_all_M.blueInstr_2409-Aesculap.tif\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-39573\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/05_all_M.blueInstr_2409-Aesculap.tif\" alt=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-39574 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/05_all_M.blueInstr_2409-Aesculap-600x400.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"243\" height=\"162\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/05_all_M.blueInstr_2409-Aesculap-600x400.png 600w, https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/05_all_M.blueInstr_2409-Aesculap-1500x1000.png 1500w, https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/05_all_M.blueInstr_2409-Aesculap-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/05_all_M.blueInstr_2409-Aesculap-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/05_all_M.blueInstr_2409-Aesculap-2048x1365.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 243px) 100vw, 243px\" \/><\/a><br \/>M.blue\u2122 Adjustable Valve<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-39573\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/05_all_M.blueInstr_2409-Aesculap.tif\" alt=\"\"><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 176.211%; height: 18px;\" colspan=\"2\"><hr \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 130px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3427%; height: 130px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.integralife.com\/codman-certas-plus-programmable-valve\/product\/hydrocephalus-programmable-valves-codman-certas-plus-programmable-valve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-feathr-click-track=\"true\" data-feathr-link-aids=\"[&quot;5e8f8cf0d4f6e391de55d8ee&quot;]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Codman-Logo-and-Descriptor.png\" alt=\"Codman Specialty Surgical An Integra Lifesciences Company Logo\" width=\"206\" height=\"63\" \/><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 123.868%; height: 130px;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-39575 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Certas-Plus-Codman.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"266\" height=\"123\"><br \/>Codman\u00ae Certas\u2122 Plus<br \/><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 176.211%; height: 18px;\" colspan=\"2\"><hr \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 75px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3427%; height: 75px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.integralife.com\/osv-ii-valves\/category\/hydrocephalus-flow-regulating-valves-osv-ii-valves\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-feathr-click-track=\"true\" data-feathr-link-aids=\"[&quot;5e8f8cf0d4f6e391de55d8ee&quot;]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Integra-Website.png\" alt=\"Integra Lifesciences Logo\" width=\"206\" height=\"63\" \/><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 123.868%; height: 75px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-39576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/OSV-II-Integra-600x158.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"258\" height=\"68\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/OSV-II-Integra-600x158.png 600w, https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/OSV-II-Integra-1500x396.png 1500w, https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/OSV-II-Integra-768x203.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/OSV-II-Integra-1536x406.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/OSV-II-Integra.png 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 258px) 100vw, 258px\" \/><br \/><strong>OSV II\u00ae Flow Regulating Valve<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 176.211%; height: 18px;\" colspan=\"2\"><hr \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 231px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3427%; height: 231px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medtronic.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-feathr-click-track=\"true\" data-feathr-link-aids=\"[&quot;5e8f8cf0d4f6e391de55d8ee&quot;]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Medtronic-Website.png\" alt=\"Medtronic logo\" width=\"206\" height=\"63\" \/><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 123.868%; height: 231px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-39571 size-full alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Strata-e1760463298239.avif\" alt=\"\" width=\"311\" height=\"112\"><br \/><strong>Strata Adjustable Valve<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 176.211%; height: 18px;\" colspan=\"2\"><hr \/><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 80px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3427%; height: 80px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sophysa.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-feathr-click-track=\"true\" data-feathr-link-aids=\"[&quot;5e8f8cf0d4f6e391de55d8ee&quot;]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Logo-Sophysa-2014-_couleur-300x73.png\" alt=\"Sophysa Logo\" width=\"202\" height=\"49\" \/><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 123.868%; height: 80px;\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sophysa.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-feathr-click-track=\"true\" data-feathr-link-aids=\"[&quot;5e8f8cf0d4f6e391de55d8ee&quot;]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Sophysa-Shunts-for-web-2020-.png\" alt=\"Polaris Adjustable shunt valves for hydrocephalus\" width=\"300\" height=\"81\" \/> <br \/><b>Polaris Adjustable Valves<\/b><\/a><br \/><i>numerous configurations available<\/i><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<h2><b>What Else Should I Know About Shunts?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<h4>What is a Reservoir?<\/h4>\r\n<p><b>Many valves also have a bulb-like reservoir and serve important functions.\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p>It can be used to remove samples of CSF for testing, your doctor can inject fluid into the system to test the flow and function of the shunt, and it can be used to measure pressure. The reservoir can be felt through the skin and pumped manually, however, <b>you should not pump your valve reservoir.<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p>These reservoirs can give insight into the shunt&#8217;s efficacy as many issues can be diagnosed by touch. In general, if one pushes on the reservoir and it does not spring back, then there might be an obstruction. If the reservoir feels rather stiff and more force is needed, this means that the valve and\/or catheter may be clogged.<\/p>\r\n<h4>Can Shunts Overdrain?<\/h4>\r\n<p>Ideal hydrocephalus shunt pressure-flow functions will match your specific needs both when lying down and when standing\/sitting. However, some experience a siphoning effect which results in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/overdraining-underdraining\/#Overdrainage_Causes_Symptoms_and_Risks\">overdrainage of CSF<\/a> from the brain. <strong>In some cases, standing or sitting may cause a siphoning effect, which essentially \u201cpulls\u201d fluid.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>In order to prevent this from happening, the clinician may decide to add a control device to your shunt system in order to prevent overdrainage. These are called anti-siphon or anti-gravitational devices. Some of these devices are connected to the valve while some can sit further down on the distal tubing.<\/p>\r\n<h4><b>How do you know if fluid is flowing through your shunt system?<\/b><\/h4>\r\n<p>Your shunt drains fluid from your brain to another part of your body, but how can you confirm if fluid is flowing? Currently, there are not many ways to confirm flow. One way is with a shunt flow study in which dye is injected into the reservoir and imaged using X-ray or CT imaging. This method is not used often and sometimes unreliable. There are however, several emerging technologies that are currently being tested that may be more reliable, easy to implement, and reproducible.<\/p>\r\n<h4><b>Does A Shunt Need to be Flushed?<\/b><\/h4>\r\n<p><b>Typically, no. Additionally, standard valves should only be pumped by a medical professional. <\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p>Typically, no. Additionally, standard valves should only be pumped by a medical professional.\u00a0\u00a0 However new technology is being developed to flush an existing shunt system \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/emerging-technology\/\">learn more about emerging technology through this link<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h4><b>Are Shunts Visible?<\/b><\/h4>\r\n<p><b>Shunt systems (the valve and tubing) are placed under the skin. The valve typically sits on the head and is covered by your hair. If you have short hair, of course, your scar and valve may be visible.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p>It\u2019s true, the placement of a shunt system leaves a bump under the skin. Some surgeons, however, use a cranial implant casing to securely position the valve, allowing the valve to be even with the cranium. This eliminates the bump. It may also help avoid stretching and thinning of the skin over time. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/emerging-technology\/\">There new technology being developed for this<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<h2><b>What Are Some Complications with Shunts?<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p><strong>Shunts save lives and are successful in reducing the pressure in the brain for most people.<\/strong> A shunt allows individuals to live full lives but is not without complications, some life-threatening.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"su-vimeo su-u-responsive-media-\u201dyes\u201d\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/856558468?title=0&amp;byline=0&amp;portrait=0&amp;color=ffffff&amp;autoplay=0&amp;dnt=0&amp;muted=0&amp;texttrack=\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen\" allowfullscreen title=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<p>An estimated 50% of shunts in the pediatric population fail within two years of placement and additional neurosurgical operations are often required. The most common shunt complications are <b>malfunction and infection<\/b>.<\/p>\r\n<p><em>For more detailed information, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/complications-of-shunt-systems\/\">Complications of Shunt System<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/preparing-for-shunt-surgery\/\">Preparing for Shunt Surgery<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p><em>This article was produced by the Hydrocephalus Association, copyright 2023. We would like to thank the following individuals for their valuable contributions and expert input: J. P. McAllister, PhD, Daniel J. McCusker M.S., Marion L. (Jack) Walker, MD, and Marvin Sussman, PhD.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n            <div id=\"daexthefup-container\"\r\n                 class=\"daexthefup-container daexthefup-layout-stacked daexthefup-alignment-center\"\r\n                 data-post-id=\"32668\">\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"daexthefup-feedback\">\r\n                    <div class=\"daexthefup-text\">\r\n                        <h3 class=\"daexthefup-title\">Was this resource helpful?<\/h3>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"daexthefup-buttons-container\">\r\n                        <div class=\"daexthefup-buttons\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n            <div class=\"daexthefup-yes daexthefup-button daexthefup-button-type-text\" data-value=\"1\">\r\n                <div class=\"daexthefup-button-text\">Yes<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n            <div class=\"daexthefup-no daexthefup-button daexthefup-button-type-text\" data-value=\"0\">\r\n                <div class=\"daexthefup-button-text\">No<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"daexthefup-comment\">\r\n                    <div class=\"daexthefup-comment-top-container\">\r\n                        <label id=\"daexthefup-comment-label\" class=\"daexthefup-comment-label\"><\/label>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t                            <div class=\"daexthefup-comment-character-counter-container\">\r\n                                <div id=\"daexthefup-comment-character-counter-number\"\r\n                                     class=\"daexthefup-comment-character-counter-number\"><\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"daexthefup-comment-character-counter-text\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t                    <\/div>\r\n                    <textarea id=\"daexthefup-comment-textarea\" class=\"daexthefup-comment-textarea\"\r\n                              placeholder=\"Type your message\"\r\n                              maxlength=\"400\"><\/textarea>\r\n                    <div class=\"daexthefup-comment-buttons-container\">\r\n                        <button class=\"daexthefup-comment-submit daexthefup-button\">Submit<\/button>\r\n                        <button class=\"daexthefup-comment-cancel daexthefup-button\">Cancel<\/button>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"daexthefup-successful-submission-text\">Thanks for your feedback!<\/div>\r\n\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is a Shunt? The most common treatment for hydrocephalus is the surgical placement of&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":25328,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_helpful_pro_status":1,"_searchwp_excluded":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[4,1182,1207],"tags":[1211],"folder":[12],"class_list":["post-32668","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article","category-rating","category-resources","tag-treatment-options"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32668","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32668"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32668\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32668"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32668"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32668"},{"taxonomy":"folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hydroassoc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/folder?post=32668"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}